NuProcess

Uses platform-specific APIs like epoll on Linux, kqueue on macOS, and IO Completion Ports on Windows to avoid blocking threads on pipe I/O, as detailed in the README's approach to eliminating pumper threads.

Employs vfork() on Unix-based systems to prevent temporary process duplication, enabling hundreds of processes even with only 128Mb JVM memory, compared to standard Process requiring 3Gb for 500 processes.

Replaces per-process pumper threads with a small, configurable thread pool managed by the library, as described in the Settings section with properties like com.zaxxer.nuprocess.threads.

Provides a NuProcessHandler interface for callback-driven notifications on process output, input readiness, and termination, allowing fine-grained control over I/O streams.