IAVL

Immutable nodes indexed by hash enable cheap staging of uncommitted transactions and instant rollback to committed states, as highlighted in the versioned and snapshottable features for blockchain state management.

Computes a consistent cryptographic hash of tree contents, essential for consensus and verification in distributed systems like blockchains, per the README's focus on Merkle root hashing.

Uses only inner and leaf nodes with values stored on leaves, making implementation straightforward and operations O(log(n)), as described in the AVL+ balancing philosophy.

Keys do not require pre-hashing for insertion, unlike Patricia tries, enabling faster iteration in the key space, which benefits applications needing efficient key traversal.